证:
2.
S(2m)-Sm
=a(m+1)+a(m+2)+...+a(m+m)
=a1+md+a2+md+...+am+md
=(a1+a2+...+am)+m·md
=Sm+m²d
S(2m)-Sm=Sm+m²d-Sm=m²d,为定值。
S[(k+1)m]-S(km)
=a(km+1)+a(km+2)+...+a(km+m)
=a1+kmd+a2+kmd+...+am+kmd
=(a1+a2+...+am)+km·md
=Sm+km²d
{S[(k+2)m]-S[(k+1)m]}-{S[(k+1)m]-S(km)}
=Sm+(k+1)m²d-(Sm+km²d)
=m²d,为定值
综上,得:Sm,S(2m)-Sm,S(3m)-S(2m),……为等差数列,公差为m²d。
3.
Sn=(a1+an)n/2
Sn/n=(a1+an)/2
S(n+1)/(n+1)-Sn/n
=[a1+a(n+1)]/2-(a1+an)/2
=[a1+a(n+1)-a1-an]/2
=[a(n+1)-an]/2
=d/2