#include "stdafx.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
static int s1,s2;
typedef struct
{
unsigned int weight; //结点的权值
unsigned int parent;//结点的双亲
unsigned int lchild;//左孩子
unsigned int rchild;//右孩子
unsigned char date;
}HTnode,*Huffmantree;
typedef char **Huffmancode;
void select(Huffmantree HT,int n) //寻找权值最小的S1,s2节点
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(HT[i].parent==0)
{
s1=i;break;
}
}
for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(HT[j].parent==0)
{
s2=j;break;
}
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(HT[i].parent==0)
{
if(HT[s1].weight>HT[i].weight )
{
if(s2!=i)
{
s1=i;
}
}
}
}
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(HT[j].parent==0)
{
if(HT[s2].weight>HT[j].weight )
{
if(s1!=j)
{
s2=j;
}
}
}
}
if(s1>s2)
{
int temp=s1;
s1=s2;
s2=temp;
}
}
void Huffmancoding(Huffmantree HT,Huffmancode HC,int *w,int n,char *d)
{
int i,j,c,f,start;
char cd[100];
int m=2*n-1;//共有m个节点,n个叶子节点
char string[100];//输入字符串进行编码
char * out;//存放字符串编码
HT=(Huffmantree)malloc((m+1)*sizeof(HTnode));
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
HT[i].weight =w[i-1];
HT[i].date=d[i-1];
HT[i].parent =0;
HT[i].lchild =0;
HT[i].rchild =0;
}
for(i=n+1;i<=m;i++)
{
HT[i].weight =0;
HT[i].parent =0;
HT[i].lchild =0;
HT[i].rchild =0;
}
for(i=n+1;i<=m;i++)
{
select(HT,i-1);
HT[s1].parent =i;
HT[s2].parent =i;
HT[i].lchild =s1;
HT[i].rchild =s2;
HT[i].weight =HT[s1].weight +HT[s2].weight ;
}
printf("输出哈夫曼树的存储结构\n");
for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
{
printf("%4d%4d%4d%4d%c\n",HT[i].weight ,HT[i].parent ,HT[i].lchild ,HT[i].rchild,HT[i].date );
}
HC=(Huffmancode)malloc((n+1)*sizeof(char*));
cd[n-1]='\0';//编码结束符
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)//逐个字符求霍夫曼编码
{
start=n-1;//编码结束符位置
for(c=i,f=HT[i].parent;f!=0;c=f,f=HT[f].parent) //从叶子到根逆向求编码
{
if (HT[f].lchild==c)
{
cd[--start]='0';
}
else
{
cd[--start]='1';
}
}
HC[i]=(char*)malloc((n-start)*sizeof(char));//为第i个字符编码分配空间
strcpy(HC[i],&cd[start]);//从cd复制编码到HC
}
printf("输出结点的编码\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("%c的编码:",HT[i].date);
puts(HC[i]); //用puts函数输出字符串
}
printf("请输入字符串\n");
for(i=0;i<=3;i++) //输入字符串进行编码
{
if(string[i-1]==10) //目的是去除空格字符
{
i--;
}
scanf("%c",&string[i]);
}
printf("字符串的编码是:\n");
out=(char*)malloc(n*sizeof(char));
for(i=0;string[i]!='\0';i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(HT[j].date==string[i])
{
strcpy(out,HC[j]);
printf("%s",out);
break;
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
Huffmantree HT;
Huffmancode HC;
int *w,n,i;
char *d;
printf("请输入节点数\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
w=(int *)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
d=(char* )malloc(n*sizeof(char));
printf("请输入节点的权值\n");
for(i=0;i
{
scanf("%d%c",&w[i],&d[i]);
}
Huffmancoding(HT,HC,w,n,d);
return 0;
}