求热电偶的资料。英文带翻译

一、热电偶介绍：
热电偶属于接触式温度测量仪表是工业生产中最常用的温度检测仪表之一。
二、热电偶工作原理：
热电偶是一种感温元件 , 它把温度信号转换成热电动势信号 , 通过电气仪表转换成被测介质的温度。热电偶测温的基本原理是两种不同成份的均质导体组成闭合回路 , 当两端存在温度梯度时 , 回路中就会有电流通过，此时两端之间就存在 Seebeck 电动势——热电动势，这就是所谓的塞贝克效应。两种不同成份的均质导体为热电极，温度较高的一端为工作端， 温度较低的一端为自由端，自由端通常处于某个恒定的温度下。根据热电动势与温度的函数关系 , 制成热电偶分度表 ; 分度表是自由端温度在 0 ℃ 时 的条件下得到的，不同的热电偶具有不同的分度表。在热电偶回路中接入第三种金属材料时 , 只要该材料两个接点的温度相同 , 热电偶所产生的热电势将保持不变，即不受第三种金属接入回路中的影响。因此 , 在热电偶测温时 , 可接入测量仪表 , 测得热电动势后 , 即可知道被测介质的温度。
三、热电偶优点：
热电偶是工业中常用的温度测温元件，具有如下特点：
① 测量精度高：热电偶与被测对象直接接触，不受中间介质的影响。
② 热响应时间快：热电偶对温度变化反应灵敏。
③ 测量范围大：热电偶从 -40~+ 1600℃ 均可连续测温。
④性能可靠， 机械强度好。
⑤ 使用寿命长，安装方便。
四、热电偶的种类及结构：
（ 1 ）热电偶的种类
热电偶有 K 型（镍铬 - 镍硅） WRN 系列， N 型（镍铬硅 - 镍硅镁） WRM 系列， E 型（镍铬 - 铜镍） WRE 系列， J 型（铁 - 铜镍） WRF 系列， T 型（铜 - 铜镍） WRC 系列， S 型（铂铑 10- 铂） WRP 系列， R 型（铂铑 13- 铂） WRQ 系列， B 型（铂铑 30- 铂铑 6 ） WRR 系列等。
（ 2 ）热电偶的结构形式：
热电偶的基本结构是热电极，绝缘材料和保护管；并 与显示仪表、记录仪表或计算机等配套使用。在现场使用中根据环境，被测介质等多种因素研制成适合各种环境的热电偶。 热电偶简单分为装配式热电偶，铠装式热电偶和特殊形式热电偶；按使用环境细分有耐 高温热电偶，耐磨热电偶，耐腐热电偶，耐高压热电偶，隔爆热电偶，铝液测温用热电偶，循环硫化床用热电偶，水泥回转窑炉用热电偶，阳极焙烧炉用热电偶，高温热风炉用热电偶，汽化炉用热电偶，渗碳炉用热电偶，高温盐浴炉用热电偶，铜、铁及钢水用热电偶，抗氧化钨铼热电偶，真空炉用热电偶First, introduction of thermocouple:
Belong to contact thermocouple temperature measuring instruments in industrial production is the most commonly used one of the temperature instrumentation.
Two, thermocouple works:
Thermocouple is a temperature sensing device, it put hot temperature signals into electromotive force signals into electrical instruments measured the temperature of medium. The basic principles of thermocouple temperature measurement are two different components of the composition of the homogeneous conductor closed-loop, when the temperature gradient at both ends of existence, the circuit current will have passed, at this time exist between the two ends of Seebeck electromotive force -- Thermal electromotive force, which is the so-called Seebeck effect. Homogeneous components of two different conductors for the hot electrode, the higher temperature side of the end for the job, the lower the temperature of the end for the free end, usually at a free end of the temperature constant. Thermal electromotive force in accordance with a function of temperature, thermocouple made indexing table; indexing table is the free end when the temperature at 0 ℃ under the conditions of different thermocouples with different degrees of sub-table. Access circuit at the third thermocouple metal materials, as long as the material both contact the same temperature, the heat generated by the thermocouple will remain unchanged, that is, access from the third loop of metal impact. Therefore, the temperature at the thermocouple can access measurement instruments, thermal electromotive force measured, you can know the temperature of the measured medium.
Three, Thermocouple advantages:
Thermocouples are commonly used in industrial temperature measurement components, has the following characteristics:
① High-precision measurement: thermocouple in direct contact with the measured object, not between the impact of media.
② hot quick response time: Thermocouple responsive to temperature change.
③ Measuring range: thermocouple from -40 ~ + 1600 ℃ temperature measurement can be continuous.
④ reliable performance, good mechanical strength.
⑤ long life and ease of installation.
Four thermocouple types and structure:
(1) the type of thermocouple
K-type thermocouple has (Ni-Cr - Ni-Si) WRN Series, N-type (Ni-Cr-Si - Ni-Si-Mg) WRM Series, E-type (Ni-Cr - Cu-Ni) WRE campaign, J-type (iron - copper-nickel) WRF series, T-type (copper - copper-nickel) WRC series, S-type (platinum and rhodium 10 - Platinum) WRP Series, R-type (platinum and rhodium 13 - Platinum) WRQ series, B-type (platinum and rhodium 30 - platinum and rhodium 6) WRR series.
(2) Thermocouple structure forms:
The basic structure of the thermocouple is hot electrode, insulating materials and the protection tube; and display instruments, recording instruments or supporting the use of computers. In use at the scene according to the environment, measured a variety of factors such as the development of media suitable for a variety of thermocouple environment. Thermocouple assembly is divided into easy-type thermocouple, thermocouple type sheathed thermocouple and the special form; there is a breakdown by the use of environmental temperature thermocouple, thermocouple wear-resistant, resistant thermocouples, resistance High-pressure thermocouple, Flameproof Thermocouple, temperature measurement of molten aluminum using thermocouples with thermocouple CFB, cement rotary kiln furnace thermocouple, thermocouple used for anode baking furnace, high temperature hot blast stove with hot Galvanic, vaporization furnace thermocouple, furnace carburizing thermocouple, high temperature salt-bath furnace thermocouple, copper, iron and steel using thermocouples, tungsten rhenium thermocouple antioxidant, vacuum furnace heat duality, such as platinum and rhodium thermocouple.