①8÷ 4 5 ×75%=8× 5 4 ×75%=10×0.75=7.5答:这个数的75%是7.5.②(100-80× 7 8 )÷2 1 2 =(100-70)× 2 5 =30× 2 5 =12答:商是12.③30÷(1+ 1 5 )=30÷ 6 5 =30× 5 6 =25答:乙数是25.故答案为:8÷ 4 5 ×75%;(100-80× 7 8 )÷2 1 2 ;30÷(1+ 1 5 ).